11 Best Sights in Siracusa and the Southeast, Sicily

You'll need to hire a guide to explore the over 5,000 tombs covering the limestone cliffs that make up this Iron and Bronze Age burial site. On a huge plateau over the Anapo River, the necropolis dates to between the 13th and 8th centuries BC. If you decide not to hire a guide, you'll need to drive to get here. There are two main entrances: one near the town of Sortino and the other from the town of Ferla. The entrance by Sortino involves a good walk down the sides of the gorge while the Ferla entrance is more of a gentle stroll along a well-beaten path. Set aside a minimum of two hours for your visit, but it is better to allocate at least half a day; be sure to wear a good pair of walking shoes and bring plenty of water.

 Siracusa is most famous for its dramatic set of Greek and Roman ruins, which are considered to be some of the best archaeological sites in all of Italy and should be combined with a stop at the Museo Archeologico. If the park is closed, go up Viale G. Rizzo from Viale Teracati to the belvedere overlooking the ruins, which are floodlit at night.

Before the park's ticket booth is the gigantic Ara di Ierone (Altar of Hieron), which was once used by the Greeks for spectacular sacrifices involving hundreds of animals. The first attraction in the park is the Latomia del Paradiso (Quarry of Paradise), a lush tropical garden full of palm and citrus trees. This series of quarries served as prisons for the defeated Athenians, who were enslaved; the quarries once rang with the sound of their chisels and hammers. At one end is the famous Orecchio di Dionisio (Ear of Dionysius), with an ear-shape entrance and unusual acoustics inside, as you'll hear if you clap your hands. The legend is that Dionysius used to listen in at the top of the quarry to hear what the enslaved people were plotting below.

The Teatro Greco is the chief monument in the Archaeological Park. Indeed it's one of Sicily's greatest classical sites and the most complete Greek theater surviving from antiquity. Climb to the top of the seating area (which could accommodate 15,000) for a fine view: all the seats converge upon a single point—the stage—which has the natural scenery and the sky as its backdrop. Hewn out of the hillside rock in the 5th century BC, the theater saw the premieres of the plays of Aeschylus, and Greek tragedies are still performed here every year in May and June. Above and behind the theater runs the Via dei Sepulcri, in which streams of running water flow through a series of Greek sepulchres.

The well-preserved and striking Anfiteatro Romano (Roman Amphitheater) reveals much about the differences between the Greek and Roman personalities. Where drama in the Greek theater was a kind of religious ritual, the Roman amphitheater emphasized the spectacle of combative sports and the circus. This arena is one of the largest of its kind and was built around the 2nd century AD. The corridor where gladiators and beasts entered the ring is still intact, and the seats (some of which still bear the occupants' names) were hauled in and constructed on the site from huge slabs of limestone.

One of Sicily’s best-kept secrets, the archaeological park of Akrai is home to what is said to be Siracusa’s first inland settlement, built to defend its overland trading route from other Greek colonies. You can access the site by a steep but steady 20-minute walk or a five-minute drive. Today, the site contains mainly ruins, but it is well worth visiting simply to see the Teatro Greco, originally constructed in the 3rd century BC to seat 600. Around the site, you'll also find two old stone quarries used to build the settlement, then converted into burial chambers as well as a remarkably well-preserved portion of the stone road into the area. Mount Etna may be seen rising majestically in the distance.

Locals consider this the most important church in Palazzolo Acreide, rebuilt and repaired after the 1693 earthquake. When you enter, usually a volunteer will be available to take you on a brief tour. The main focal points are the relics and the statue of St. Paul paraded annually through the town with alternate moments of piety and raucous pyrotechnics, between June 26 and June 29.

Ragusa Superiore's gargantuan 18th-cathedral was built in the then-nascent Quartiere Patro, after the destruction of a previous incarnation dedicated to San Giovanni in Ragusa Ibla was destroyed by the 1693 earthquake. Beyond the ornate late-Baroque facade, the three-nave, Latin cross interior is bathed by sunlight from the impressive cupola.  Amid 13 chapels and two altars, rich details abound: paintings and statuary spanning the centuries, rococo stuccowork, and a Neapolitan nativity scene. Pride of place goes to a vibrant wooden statue of San Giovanni carved in 1861 on a flamboyant gilded base, which is paraded through town each June 24. Those who are fit and have a head for heights should scale the narrow, 129-step staircase to the 160-foot-high campanile. After catching your breath, admire the church's four bells and enjoy fabulous views over Ragusa and beyond. Across the road, the Museo della Cattedrale displays pious relics and an interesting collection of maps.   

Noto's domed cathedral is an undisputed highlight of the extraordinary Baroque architecture for which the town is world-famous. Climb the monumental staircase to get a glimpse of the interior—restored over a 10-year period after the dome collapsed in 1996—which is simple and unloved by some (its newness and painting style may appear strange at first) compared to the magnificent exterior, but still worth a look. Indeed, it's become so popular that an entrance fee has been introduced, mainly to help the informative volunteers to cope with the foot flow.

Sicilian carts—brightly painted and led by either a horse or donkey—were an important part of Sicilian history in the 19th and early 20th centuries (at least until the advent of the truck), and they have become a symbol of the island, often sold in miniature form as tourist souvenirs. For fascinating insight into the crafts and their role in Sicilian history, this workshop-museum, which is run by Biagio and Damiano, is a cultural highlight. They'll take you through the fascinating history of the cart, its place in Sicilian society, and the many skills involved in decorating them, including those eye-popping painted designs that advertised the wares transported and status of the driver. A visit can also be part of a 75-minute tour that takes in two other nearby sights: the Circolo di Conversazione (1850), an exclusive club with frescoed ceiling, scene of debate, intrigue, and card playing that is reserved for Ragusa's nobility to this day; plus the lavish Palazzo Arezzo di Trifiletti. Talk to Biagio about a visit to the Antico Mercato ( Via del Mercato 124–144), where botteghe (craft workshops)—including those devoted to sculpture, blacksmithing, and a puppet theater—are run by young artisans to help keep these traditions alive, often accompanied by tables of bountiful food and wine by Putia del Vino wine bar, under the market's beautifully restored arcades.

This Baroque beauty and so-called Mother Church of Modica Alta is reached by climbing 250 steps that crisscross in a monumental staircase leading up to the main doors. Dating back to medieval times—and after a series of calamities, including the 1693 earthquake—its present form took shape during the 17th and 18th centuries, largely under Spanish rule. The imposing 200-foot-high facade and tower were remodeled by Rosario Gagliardi (1698–1762); the church was finally crowned by an iron cross in 1842. You'll want to linger amid the white-stuccoed, eggshell blue and gold-leafed interior, taking in the artistic flamboyance of its five naves and numerous chapels, which are surrounded and supported by 22 Corinthian columns. One chapel houses the equestrian statue of San Giorgio that is paraded through Modica every April. A towering polyptych attributed to Bernardino Nigro (1538–1590) consists of nine Biblical scenes capped by a lunette of God and two golden adoring angels. Don't miss the meridian sundial with the signs of the zodiac near the the main altar; it was designed by the mathematician Armando Perini in 1895. Mass is held year-round on Sunday at 11 am, daily at 7 pm from April through October, as well as 7:30 pm in July and August; from November through March, the daily evening mass is at 6 pm.  For the best views in town, climb the campanile. (For a cacophonous experience, you can also time your ascension to 30 minutes before mass when the mighty bells chime. Cover your ears, though.)

 Siracusa's Duomo is an archive of more than 2,000 years of island history, and has creatively incorporated ruins through the many time periods it has survived, starting with the bottommost, where excavations have unearthed remnants of Sicily's distant past, when the Siculi inhabitants worshipped their deities here. During the 5th century BC (the same time Agrigento's Temple of Concord was built), the Greeks erected a temple to Athena over it, and in the 7th century, Siracusa's first Christian cathedral was built on top of the Greek structure. The massive columns of the original Greek temple were incorporated into the present structure and are clearly visible, embedded in the exterior wall along Via Minerva. The Greek columns were also used to dramatic advantage inside, where on one side they form chapels connected by elegant wrought-iron gates. The Baroque facade, added in the 18th century, displays a harmonious rhythm of concaves and convexes. In front, the sun-kissed stone piazza is encircled by pink and white oleanders and elegant buildings ornamented with filigree grillwork, and is typically filled with frolicking children and street musicians. Check with the tourist office for guided tours of its underground tunnels, which are located to the right when you stand facing the cathedral.

For those seeking sea air, limpid and shallow waters, and fine sand, Sampieri's wonderful beach is a popular destination. There are a few bars, restaurants, and beach clubs at the west end; walking eastwards a pine-forest-and-sand-dune-backed free-access public beach leads to Punta Pisciotto's sculpted volcanic stone cliffs and picturesque ruin, Fornace Penna. This former brick and tile factory built in 1912 is a stunning backdrop in both reality and in the Montalbano TV series, although the fictional inspector's beachside pad in the show is up the coast at Donnalucata. Adventurous walkers and cyclists will enjoy the coastal paths from Sampieri to nearby Marina di Modica, while a westward rocky shoreline trail traces the Covo dei Contrabbandieri to another small beach town, Cava d'Aliga. Sampieri is a 6-mile drive from Scicli along the SP40, or 20 minutes via bus or train (getting to and from Sampieri's train station and beach involves a walk along the busy road without sidewalks, though). Amenities: food and drink; lifeguards; parking (free); showers; toilets. Best for: sunset; surfing; swimming; walking.

The protected reserve encompasses 15,000 hectares with paths crisscrossing bird- and wildlife-rich lagoons, macchia scrubland, and unspoiled beaches, including Calamosche, Eloro, Marianelli (most pristine and peaceful), and Vendicari with its tonnara (fishery) ruins. There are five entrances, the nearest to Noto being Ingresso Marianelli, some 7 miles southeast of Noto via SP19. There's no reliable public transport here, so you'll need a car.